© Griffin Consulting
Consultants to Groups and Organizations
10. TB Collaboration requires “doing the work” of partnering – “storming”
•“Forming”, groupings of individuals/organizations begin to recognize some value of working together but what will look like is still unclear, testing of each other.
•“Storming”, individuals/organizations become more aware of each other and express their opinions more openly.  Hence, this stage is often characterized by interpersonal (or inter-group/organizational) conflict. 
•“Norming”, ground rules for how the group will function begin to emerge.  Roles and responsibilities get clarified and a firmer foundation for collaboration is forged. 
•“Performing”, the group is now capable of effective functioning and is accomplishing its goals and objectives.  Individuals/organizations which comprise the group are mutually supportive and have learned to trust and depend on each other.                                     (Tuckman, 1965)